Percentage calculator
The four calculations any story with numbers needs: what a percentage of an amount is, how much a value changed, what is left after a discount, and what the price was before VAT.
A percentage point is not a percent. An interest rate going from 4% to 5% rose by one percentage point, but by 25 percent. Confusing the two is the most common error in economic reporting.
Frequently asked questions
Why doesn't a 50% drop followed by a 50% rise return to the start?
Because the second percentage applies to a smaller base. A hundred falls to fifty, then gains half of fifty, reaching seventy-five, not a hundred.
How do I get the net amount from a VAT-inclusive price?
Divide by one plus the rate. At 19%, divide by 1.19; at 9%, by 1.09. Do not subtract 19% from the final price — that gives a smaller number than the correct one.
What are the VAT rates in Romania?
A standard rate of 21%, a reduced rate of 11% for food, medicines, books, accommodation and other categories, and 0% for intra-community supplies and exports. Rates change by law, so check the one in force on the invoice date.